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| COMPUTER TERMS AND DEFINITIONS |
HELP OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE - PROTOCOL & NETWORK COMPUTER TERMS:
FIRST KNOW WHAT IS NETWORKING?
A Network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer networks, including:
LOCAL-AREA NETWORKS (LANS): The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).
WIDE-AREA NETWORKS (WANS): The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
CAMPUS-AREA NETWORKS (CANS): The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military base.
METROPOLITAN-AREA NETWORKS MANS): A data network designed for a town or city.
HOME-AREA NETWORKS (HANS): A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices.
IN ADDITION TO THESE TYPES, THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS ARE ALSO USED TO CATEGORIZE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORKS:
WHAT IS TOPOLOGY:
The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
WHAT IS PROTOCOL:
The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network .
WHAT IS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:
Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.
ALSO KNOW THE PROTOCOL & NETWORK COMPUTER TERMS:
Ethernet - Provides For Transport Of Information Between Physical Locations On Ethernet Cable. Data Is Passed In Ethernet Packets
Slip - Serial Line Ip (Slip), A Form Of Data Encapsulation For Serial Lines.
Ppp - Point To Point Protocol (Ppp). A Form Of Serial Line Data Encapsulation That Is An Improvement Over Slip.
Ip - Internet Protocol (Ip). Except For Arp And Rarp All Protocols' Data Packets Will Be Packaged Into An Ip Data Packet. Provides The Mechanism To Use Software To Address And Manage Data Packets Being Sent To Computers.
Icmp - Internet Control Message Protocol (Icmp) Provides Management And Error Reporting To Help Manage The Process Of Sending Data Between Computers.
Arp - Address Resolution Protocol (Arp) Enables The Packaging Of Ip Data Into Ethernet Packages. It Is The System And Messaging Protocol That Is Used To Find The Ethernet (Hardware) Address From A Specific Ip Number. Without This Protocol, The Ethernet Package Could Not Be Generated From The Ip Package, Because The Ethernet Address Could Not Be Determined.
Tcp - A Reliable Connection Oriented Protocol Used To Control The Management Of Application Level Services Between Computers.
Udp - An Unreliable Connection Less Protocol Used To Control The Management Of Application Level Services Between Computers.
Dns - Domain Name Service, Allows The Network To Determine Ip Addresses From Names And Vice Versa.
Rarp - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Rarp) Is Used To Allow A Computer Without A Local Permanent Data Storage Media To Determine Its Ip Address From Its Ethernet Address.
Bootp - Bootstrap Protocol Is Used To Assign An Ip Address To Diskless Computers And Tell It What Server And File To Load Which Will Provide It With An Operating System.
Dhcp - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Dhcp) Is A Method Of Assigning And Controlling The Ip Addresses Of Computers On A Given Network. It Is A Server Based Service That Automatically Assigns Ip Numbers When A Computer Boots. This Way The Ip Address Of A Computer Does Not Need To Be Assigned Manually. This Makes Changing Networks Easier To Manage. Dhcp Can Perform All The Functions Of Bootp.
Igmp - Internet Group Management Protocol Used To Support Multicasting.
Snmp - Simple Network Management Protocol (Snmp). Used To Manage All Types Of Network Elements Based On Various Data Sent And Received.
Rip - Routing Information Protocol (Rip), Used To Dynamically Update Router Tables On Wans Or The Internet.
Ospf - Open Shortest Path First (Ospf) Dynamic Routing Protocol.
Bgp - Border Gateway Protocol (Bgp). A Dynamic Router Protocol To Communicate Between Routers On Different Systems.
Cidr - Classless Interdomain Routing (Cidr).
Ftp - File Transfer Protocol (Ftp). Allows File Transfer Between Two Computers With Login Required.
Tftp - Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Tftp). Allows File Transfer Between Two Computers With No Login Required. It Is Limited, And Is Intended For Diskless Stations.
Smtp - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Smtp).
Nfs - Network File System (Nfs). A Protocol That Allows Unix And Linux Systems Remotely Mount Each Other's File Systems.
Telnet - A Method Of Opening A User Session On A Remote Host.
Rlogin - Remote Login Between Unix Hosts. This Is Outdated And Is Replaced By Telnet.
Adsp - Appletalk Data Stream Protocol Manages The Flow Of Data Between Two Established Socket
Connections.
Aep - Appletalk Echo Protocol Uses Echoes To Tell If A Computer, Or Node, Is Available.
Afp - Appletalk Filing Protocol - Makes Network Files Appear Local By Managing File Sharing At
The Presentation Layer.
Agp - Accelerated Graphics Port.
4x Mode Speed.
Amps - Advanced Mobile Phone Service Is Analog Cellular Phone Service.
Api - Application Programming Interface.
Appc - Advanced Peer-To-Peer Communications Provides Peer To Peer Services At The Transport
And Session Layer.
Appn - Advanced Peer-To-Peer Networking Supports The Computer Connections At The Network
And Transport Layers.
Architecture - The Method That Is Used To Transmit Packets On A Network. Sometimes The Term
Architecture Includes Topology. An Example Is Ethernet.
Arcnet - Attached Resource Computer Network Is An Architecture Using Star And Bus Topology.
Arp - Address Resolution Protocol Is Used To Resolve The Hardware Address Of A Card To Package
The Ethernet Data. It Works At The Data Link Layer. Rfc 826.
Arup - Appletalk Update Routing Is A Newer Version Of Rtmp.
Asp - Appletalk Session Protocol Controls The Starting And Ending Of Sessions Between Computers
Called Nodes. It Works At The Session Level.
Asp - Active Server Pages Is Microsoft's Web Server Technology Which Can Run Visual Basic Or
Java Script.
Atm - Asynchronous Transfer Mode May Be Used Over A Variety Of Media With Both Baseband
And Broadband Systems. It Uses Fixed Length Data Packets Of 53 Bytes Called Cell Switching.
Atp - Appletalk Transaction Protocol Provides A Transport Layer Connection Between
Computers.
Attenuation - Signal Loss Due To Impedance.
Au - Access Unit Provides Access To Resources Like Fax, Telex, And Teletex.
Backbone - Main Cable Used To Connect Computers On A Network.
Bandwidth - Indicates The Amount Of Data That Can Be Sent In A Time Period. Measured In Mbps
Which Is One Million Bits Per Second.
Baseband - Data Bits Are Defined By Discrete Signal Changes.
Bdc - Backup Domain Controller Is A Backup For A Pdc
Bgp - Border Gateway Protocol, A Dynamic Routing Protocol. Rfc 1267.
Bnc - British Naval Connector.
Bootp - Boot Protocol. Rfc 951, 1542.
Bridge - Read The Outermost Section Of Data On The Data Packet, To Tell Where The Message Is Going.
It Reduces The Traffic On Other Network Segments, Since It Does Not Send All Packets But Only Sends
Packets Intended For That Segment They Are Attached To.
Network Terms
Broadband - Uses Analog Signals To Divide The Cable Into Several Channels With Each Channel At Its
Own Frequency. Each Channel Can Only Transmit One Direction.
Broadcast - A Transmission To All Interface Cards On The Network.
Brouter - Will Function Similar To A Bridge For Network Transport Protocols That Are Not Routable,
And Will Function As A Router For Routable Protocols.
Bsc - Binary Synchronous Communication Sends Bits In Frames Which Are Timed Sequences OfData. A Possible Sna Communications Architecture,
Ccitt - International Telegraph And Telephone Consultative Committee.
Cdma - Code Division Multiple Access Allows Transmission Of Voice And Data Over A Shared Part
Of Radio Frequencies. This Is Also Called Spread Spectrum.
Cdpd - Cellular Digital Packet Data Will Allow Network Connections For Mobile Users Using
Satellites.
Cellular - An 800 Mhz Band For Mobile Phone Service.
Chap - Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Is A Three Way
Is Considered More Secure Than Pap.
Cidr - Classless Inter Domain Routing.
Client - This Computer Requests Resources For Its Use From A Computer That Provides The Resource (A Server).
Crc - Cyclic Redundancy Check Is A Set Of Trailing Data Bytes In A Message Used To Determine If
An Error Occurred In A Message.
Csma/Cd - Carrier-Sense Multiple-Access With Collision Detection For Controlling Access To The
Network Media.
Csu - Channel Service Unit Used To Connect To Digital Leased Lines On The Line Side.
D-Amps - Digital Amps Using Tdma To Divide The Channels Into Three Channels.
Das - Dual Attachment Stations Are Used By Fddi Networks For Servers And Concentrators Are
Attached To Both Rings.
Dat - Digital Audio Tape
Datagram - Ip Header And What Is Called A Message Or Segment. The Message Or Segment Is A
Transport Header (Tcp Or Udp) And Application Data. The Term Datagram Is Used To Describe The
Information Before Ip Fragmentation Or After Reassembly.
Dbms - Database Management Systems Are Used To Share Data On A Network.
Dde - Dynamic Data Exchange.
Ddp - Datagram Delivery Protocol Is A Routable Protocol That Provides For Data Packet
Transportation. It Operates At The Network Layer At The Same Level Of The Ip Protocol.
Dds - Digital Data Service Is A Leased Dedicated Digital Line.
Decnet - From Digital Equipment Corporation Is A Suite Of Protocols Which May Be Used On Large
Networks That Integrate Mainframe And Minicomputer Systems
Dhcp - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Is Used To Assign Ip Addresses Dynamically To
Network Cards Works At The Application Layer. Rfc 1541.
Direct Sequence Modulation - The Data Is Broken Into Parts And Transmitted Simultaneously On
Multiple Frequencies.
Dlc - Data Link Control Operates At The Data Link Layer And Is Designed For Communications
Between Hewlett-Packard Network Printers And Ibm Mainframe Computers On A Decnet Network.
Network Terms
Dna - Digital Network Architecture Is A Term From Decnet
Dns - Domain Name System Is Used On The Internet To Correlate Between Ip Address And Readable
Names. Rfc 1034, 1035, 1535-1537, 1591.
Drda - Distributed Relational Database Architecture Is From Ibm.
Dsu - Digital Service Unit Used To Connect To Digital Leased Lines On The Lan Side.
Dtd - Document Type Definition.
Dun - Dial Up Networking.
Dvm - Digital Volt Meter.
Egp - Exterior Gateway Protocol. Used Between Routers Of Different Systems.
Eia - Electronic Industries Association .
Eigrp - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Integrates The Bese Capabilities Of Link-State
Protocols With Distance Vector Protocols Capabilities.
Eisa - Extended Isa Used When The 80286 Through 80486 Series Microprocessors Were Being
Produced. It Is Backward Compatible With Isa.
Emi - Electromagnetic Interference.
Ethernet - A Network Architecture That Uses Carrier-Sense Multiple-Access With Collision Detection
(Csma/Cd) For Controlling Access To The Network Media And Baseband Broadcasts. It Uses Star
Topology.
Fddi - Fiber Distributed Data Interface Is A Network Architecture Normally Used To Send Longer
Distances. Topology Is Ring With Two Counter Rotating Rings For Reliability With No Hubs. Cable Type
Is Fiber-Optic.
Fdma - Frequency Division Multiple Access Divides The Cellular Network Into 30khz Channels.
Frame - The Unit Of Transmission In A Link Layer Protocol, Consisting Of A Link-Layer Header
(Ethernet) Followed By A Packet (Ip Header And Data). It May Be A Part Of A Fragmented Datagram.
Frame Relay - Error Checking Is Handled By Devices At Both Sides Of The Connection. Frame Relay
Uses Frames Of Varying Length And It Operates At The Data Link Layer Of The Osi Model. A Permanent
Virtual Circuit (Pvc) Is Established Between Two Points On The Network. Frame Relay Speed Is
Between 56kbps And 1.544mbps.
Frequency Hopping - The Transmitter And Receiver Change Predetermined Frequencies At The Same
Time (In A Synchronized Manner).
Ftp - File Transport Protocol Is A Tcp/Ip Protocol Running At The Application Layer.
Gateway - A Gateway Can Translate Information Between Different Network Data Formats Or
Network Architectures. It Can Translate Tcp/Ip To Appletalk So Computers Supporting Tcp/Ip Can
Communicate With Apple Brand Computers. Not The Same As A Default Gateway Used By A Client To
Send Packets To.
Gsm - Global System For
Hdml - Handheld Device Markup Language Is A Version Of Html Only Allowing Text To Be
Displayed.
Html - Hypertext Markup Language Is The Format Many Files For Web Viewing Are In. It Is A
Language With "Mark-Up" Text Included For Formatting.
Http - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Is The Protocol Used To Communicate Between Web Servers
And Web Browser Software Clients.
Hub - A Type Of Repeater Used On Several Network Architectures Which Usually Connects Several
Network Terms Stations.
Iab - Internet Architecture Board
Iana - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
Icmp - Internet Control Message Protocol Is Used To Perform Network Error Reporting And Status.
It Works At The Transport Layer. Rfc 792.
Idc - Internet Database Collector.
Ietf - Internet Engineering Task Force. Sets Internet Technical Standards.
Igmp - Internet Group Management Protocol, Used For Managing Multicast Groups. Rfc 1112.
Imap4 - Internet Mail Access Protocol Version 4 Is The Replacement For Pop3
Impedance - The Amount Of Resistance To The Transmission Device.
Infared - Infared Is Just Below The Visible Range Of Light
Interference - Electromagnetic Interference (Emi). Crosstalk - When Wires Pick Up
Electromagnetic Signals From Nearby Wires Also Carrying Signals.
Internetwork - Several Subnets Connected Together Using Routers.
Internic - Internet Network Information Center
Intranet - Refers To Using Internet Technologies Such As A Web Server On An Internal Network.
Ip - Internet Protocol Os Used For Software Addressing Of Computers And Works At The Data Link
Layer. Rfc 791.
Ipip Tunneling - Tunneling Ip Packets In Ip Packets. Used For Vpn Tunneling.
Ipsec - Internet Protocol Security, Developed By Ietf, Implemented At Layer 3. It Is A Collection Of
Security Measures That Address Data Privacy, Integrity, Authentication, And Key Management, In
Addition To Tunneling. Used For Vpn.
Ipx - Internetwork Packet Exchange Supports The Transport And Network Layers Of The Osi
Network Model. Provides For Network Addressing And Routing. It Provides Fast, Unreliable,
Communication With Network Nodes Using A Connection Less Datagram Service.
Irq- Interrupt Request
Irtf - Internet Research Task Force.
Isa - Industry Standard Architecture Internal Computer Bus. Used When The Original 8088 8bit
Microprocessor Based Personal Computers Were Produced. (16 Bit).
Isakmp/Oakley - Internet Security Association And Key Management Protocol Authentication.
Isapi - Internet Server Application Programming Interface
Isdn - Integrated Services Digital Network Is A Method Of Sending Voice And Data Information On
A Digital Phone Line. Two 64kbps B-Channels With One 16kbps D Channel Is Provided With Basic
Isdn Service
Isp - Internet Service Provider
Isoc - Internet Society, Promotes Internet Policies.
Itu - International Telecommunication Union .
Ftp - File Transfer Protocol.
L2f - Layer2 Forwarding, Works At The Link Layer Of The Osi Model. It Has No Encryption. Being
Replaced By L2tp. It Is Used For Vpn.
L2tp - Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (Rfc 2661). Used For Vpn Tunneling.
Lan - Local Area Network
Lda - Local Delivery Agent On The Receiving Machine Receives The Mail From Its Mta. This
Network Terms
Program Is Usually Procmail.
Lcp - Link Control Protocol
Link - Connects Two Network Devices. Implemented By The Data Link Layer.
Llc - Loc\Gical Link Control Is The Interface Between The Lower And Upper Layer Networking
Protocols.
Lu - Logical Units Are Ports That Users Use To Access Network Resources Is An Sna Term.
Mac - Media Access Control Address. Basically A Network Card Unique Hardware Address.
Mail Notifier - This Program Notifies The Recipient That They Have Mail. Normally This Requires Two
Programs, Biff And Comsat. Biff Allows The Administrator Or User To Turn On Comsat Service.
Man- Metropolitan Area Network Refers To A Network Which Connects Several Lans Over Various
Media That Is Large Enough To Cover An Area The Size Of A City.
Mapi - Microsoft's Messaging Api Which Is Incorporated Throughout Microsoft's Office Products
Supports Mail At The Application Level.
Mau - Multistation Access Unit Used By Token Ring Networks.
Mbone - Being On The Mbone Means You Are On A Network That Supports Multicasting.
Mci - Microchannel Architecture By Ibm And Used Mainly On Ibm Brand Computers For The
Internal Bus. Established In 1988. (16 Or 32 Bits).
Mdbs - Mobile Data Base Station Reviews All Cellular Channels At Cellular Sites.
Media - The Hardware Method Used To Connect Computers Over A Network. The Three Main Types
Are Copper Cable, Fiber Optic Cable, And Wireless.
Message - The Unit Of Transmission In A Transport Layer Protocol. A Tcp Segment Is A Message
Which Consists Of A Transport Protocol Header Followed By Application Data.
Mhs - Message Handling Service By Novell Is Used For Mail On Netware Networks.
Mib - Management Information Base Specifies Variables The Network Elements Maintain. Works
With The Tcp/Ip Protocol Snmp.
Mime - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension Is The Protocol That Defines The Way Files Are
Attached To Smtp Messages.
Motis - Message-Oriented Text Interchange System.
Ms - Message Store Is A Storage Area For Messages That Can't Be Delivered Immediately When The
Recipient Is Off-Line.
Mta - Message Transfer Agent Is Used To Pass Mail From The Sending Machine To The Receiving
Machine. There Is A Mta Program Running On Both The Sending And Receiving Machine. Sendmail
Is A Mta.
Mtp - Multicast Transport Protocol Is A New Transport Layer Protocol Designed For Reliable
Multicast Network Message Transport.
Mtu - Maximum Transmission Unit Is The Maximum Size Of Each Data Packet For The Ethernet
Protocol.
Mua - Mail Users Agent. This Is The Program A User Will Use To Type E-Mail. It Usually Incorporates
An Editor For Support. The User Types The Mail And It Is Passed To The Sending Mta. This May Also
Be Called The User Agent (Ua).
Multicasting - Transmitting To A Group Of Interface Cards On The Network.
Multihomed - A Host With Multiple Ip Addresses.
Nadn - Nearest Active Downstream Neighbor Is A Token Ring Architecture Term.
Network Terms
Nau - Network Addressable Units Is An Sna Term.
Naun - Nearest Active Upstream Neighbor Is A Token Ring Architecture Term.
Nat - Network Address Translation.
Nbf - Netbios Frame Protocol.
Nbns - Netbios Name Server. A Server That Maps Netbios Names To Ip Addresses. This Service
Is Provided By The Nmbd Daemon On Linux.
Nbp - Name-Binding Protocol Of The Appletalk Suite Of Protocols Translates Addresses Into Names.
Nbt - Netbios Over Tcp/Ip Defined By Rfc 1002.
Ncp - Netware Core Protocol Provides For Client/Server Interactions Such As File And Print
Sharing. It Works At The Application, Presentation, And Session Levels.
Ncp - Network Control Program Performs Routing, Session Management Tasks. It Runs In The
Communications Controller. It Is An Sna Networking Term.
Ndis - Network Driver Interface Specification From Microsoft, Is Used On Microsoft Networks. It
Allows Multiple Protocols To Be Used On A Network Card And Supports The Data Link Layer Of The
Network Model.
Netbeui - Netbios Extended User Interface Works At The Transport Layer And Provides Data
Transportation. It Is Not A Routable Transport Protocol Which Is Why Nbt Exists On Large Networks
To Use Routable Tcp Protocol On Large Networks.
Netbios - Network Basic Input Output System By Microsoft.
Netdde - Network Dynamic Data Exchange.
Network Operating System - Typically Used To Run Computers That Act As Servers, But May Be Used
On Various Types Of Computers Today.
Nfs - Network File System. A Protocol That Allows Unix And Linux Systems Remotely Mount
Each Other's File Systems. Rfc 1094
Nic - Network Interface Card. Also Called Lan Adapters.
Nntp - Network News Transport Protocol Is Used To Link Newsgroups For Discussions On The Web
Oc - Optical Carrier Level, See Sonet.
Odbc - Open Database Connectivity (Odbc) From Microsoft Lets Application Developers
Integrate Database Connections In Applications. It Is An Application Programming Interface (Api).
Odbc Drivers Convert An Application's Query Int Sql And Send It To The Database Engine Program.
Odi - Open Data-Link Interface Operates At The Data Link Layer Allowing Ipx To Work With Any
Network Interface Card.
Osi - Open Systems Interconnect Is A Suite Of Protocols Developed By The International Standards
Organization (Iso) Which Corresponds With The Layers Of The Osi Model.
Ospf - Open Shortest Path First, A Dynamic Routing Protocol. Rfc 1247.
Packet - Includes An Ip Header And Data. It May Be A Complete Ip Datagram Or A Fragment Of An Ip
Datagram.
Pci - Peripheral Component Interconnect Internal Computer Bus. The Popular Expansion Bus Of
Choice. It Is Significantly Faster Than Eisa. This Is A 32bit Bus With Plug And Play Capability From
Intel.
Pdc - Primary Domain Controller Is An Nt Server Providing Central Control Of User Access
Permissions And Accounts On A Network.
Pap - Password Authentification Protocol Is A Two Way
Network Terms
Ppp.
Pap - Printer Access Protocol Of The Appletalk Suite Of Protocols Manages Information Between
Workstations And Printers.
Pcs - Personal Communications Service Is A 1.9 Ghz Band For Mobile Phones.
Peer - A Computer That Can Act As Both A Client And A Server.
Plenum - Space Above A False Ceiling In An Office Area Where Heat Ducts And Cables May Be Run.
Plenum Cabling Is Special Fire Resistant Cabling Required For Use In These Areas Due To Fire Hazards.
Pop - Point Of Presence Is Each Point At The End Of The Transport Media (Internet) When Talking
About Vpn.
Pop3 - Post Office Protocol Version 3 Is Used By Clients To Access An Internet Mail Server To Get
Mail. It Is Not A Transport Layer Protocol.
Protocol - A Set Of Standards Sets Of Standards That Define All Operations Within A Network. There
Are Various Protocols That Operate At Various Levels Of The Osi Network Model Such As Transport
Protocols Include Tcp, Spx.
Ppp - Point To Point Protocol, Used For Serial Connections To A Network Ot The Internet. (Rfc 1332,
1548)
Pptp - Point To Point Tunneling Protocol (Rfc 2637) Used For Vpn Tunneling.
Pu - Physical Units Are A Network Device Used To Communicate With Hosts. It Is An Sna Term.
Radius - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service Is Used For Dial In Clients To Connect To
Other Computers Or A Network. It Provides Authentication And Accounting When Using Pptp Or
L2tp Tunneling.
Raid - Redundant Array Of Inexpensive Disks Is A Fault Tolerant Method Of Storing Data, Meaning
That A Failure Can Occur And The System Will Still Function.
Rarp -Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Used For Diskless Computers To Determine Their Ip
Address Using The Network. It Works At The Data Link Layer. Rfc 903.
Ras - Remote Access Service (Ras) With Windows Nt Allows Users Connecting To The Network
Using A Modem To Use Network Resources. The Nt Ras Server Can Handle 256 Connections.
Redirector - It Runs On A Windows Operating System And Directs Requests For Network Resources To
The Appropriate Server And Makes Network Resources Seem To Be Local Resources.
Repeater - Used On A Network To Regenerate Signals To Be Sent Over Long Distances Or Tie Computers Together On A Network.
Resolver - Used As Part Of Dns, It Is The Client Side Asking For Dns Information.
Rip - Routing Information Protocol, A Dynamic Routing Protocol. A Distance-Vector Algorithm Is
Used To Calculate The Best Route
Rlogin - Remote Login Between Unix Hosts. This Is Outdated And Is Replaced By Telnet.
Router - Routes Data Packets Between Two Networks. It Reads The Information In Each Packet To Tell
Where It Is Going.
Rpc - Remote Procedure Call. A Protocol Invented By Sun Microsystem To Allow Remote
Computers To Invoke Functions On Other Hosts. Rfc 1057.
Rr - Resource Records Are A Part Of The Dns Database.
Rtmp - Routing Table Maintenance Protocol Is Used To Update Routers With Information About
Network Status And Address Tables. The Whole Address Table Is Sent Across The Network.
S/Key - A One Time Password System, Secure Against Replays. Rfc 2289.
Network Terms
Sap - Service Advertising Protocol Packets Are Used By File And Print Servers To Periodically
Advertise The Address Of The Server And The Services Available. It Works At The Application,
Presentation, And Session Levels.
Sas - Single Attachment Stations Attached To One Ring And Used By Fddi Networks To Attach
Workstations To Concentrators.
Sdh - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Sdls - Synchronous Data Link Control Is A Possible Sna Communications Architecture.
Sector Sparing - A Method Of Fault Tolerance That Automatically Identifies And Marks Bad Sectors As
Not Available. It Is Also Called Hot-Fixing.
Segment - The Unit Of End-To-End Transmission In The Tcp Protocol Which Consists Of A Tcp
Header Followed By Application Data.
Server - For The Most Part It Provides Resources On The Network For Other Computers To Use.
Sgml - Standardized General Markup Language Is The Base Language For Document Publishing
And Is Used To Define Xml, Html And More.
Shielding - Used To Minimize Interference.
Sled - Single Large Inexpensive Disk - The Concept That A Large Disk Costs Less Per Amount Of
Storage Than Several Smaller Ones. Somehow This Concept Is Used As A Means Of Fault Tolerance.
Slip - Serial Line Interface Protocol Used To Connect Serially To A Network Or Internet. Rfc 1055,
1144 (Compressed). Replaced By Ppp.
Smau - Smart Multistation Access Unit.
Smb - Server Message Block Protocol Works At The Presentation Level To Provide Peer To Peer
Communication.
Smds - Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service Uses Fixed Length Cell Switching And Runs At Speeds
Of 1.533 To 45mbps.
Sms - Sms - Systems Management Server From Microsoft Can Collect Information Of Software On
Each Computer And Can Install And Configure New Software On The Client Computers. It Will Also
Monitor Network Traffic.
Smtp - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Is A Tcp Protocol For Mail Transport Running At The
Application Layer. Rfc 821, 822.
Sna - System Network Architecture By Ibm Is A Suite Of Protocols Mainly Used With Ibm
Mainframe And As/400 Computers.
Snmp - Simple Network Management Protocol. Rfc 1155, 1157, 1213, 1441.
Sonet - Synchronous Optical Network Is A Physical Layer Standard That Defines Voice, Data, And
Video Delivery Methods Over Fiber Optic Media. It Defines Data Rates In Terms Of Optical Carrier
(Oc) Levels.
Spread Spectrum - It Uses Several Frequencies At The Same Time.
Spx - Sequenced Packet Exchange Operates At The Transport Layer Providing Connection Oriented
Communication On Top Of Ipx.
Sql - Structured Query Language Is A Database Access Language. It Is Used By Most Client/Server
Database Applications.
Sscp - Systems Services Control Point Manages All Resources In The Host's Domain. An Sna Term.
Stp - Shielded Twisted Pair Cable. 100 Meter Maximum Length. 16-155 Mbps Speed. Lower
Electrical Interference Than UtpNetwork Terms
Subnet - A Part Of A Network. A Class B Network May Have Several Class C Subnets. Usually
Routers Are Used To Connect Subnets.
Tacacs - Offers Authentication, Accounting, And Authorization.
T Carrier - Multiplexors Are Used To Allow Several Channels On One Line. The T1 Line Is Basic T
Carrier Service.
Tcp - Transport Control Protocol Is A Connection Oriented Reliable Protocol Working At The
Transport Layer. Rfc 793.
Tdi - Transport Driver Interface Is A Standard For Passing Messages Between The Drivers At The
Data Link Layer And The Protocols Working At The Network Layer Such As Ip Or Netbeui. It Was
Produced By Microsoft.
Tdma - Time Division Multiple Access Uses Time Division Multiplexing To Divide Each Cellular
Channel Into Three Sub Channels To Service Three Users At A Time.
Tdr - Time-Domain Reflectometer Sends A Sonar Like Electrical Pulse Down A Cable And Can
Determine The Location Of A Break In The Cable.
Tftp - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Rfc 1350.
Telnet - Remote Session At The Application Layer. Rfc 854.
Thicknet - Half Inch Rigid Cable. Maximum Cable Length Is 500 Meters. Transmission Speed Is
10mbps. Expensive And Is Not Commonly Used. (Rg-11 Or Rg-8).
Thinnet - Thinnet Uses A British Naval Connector (Bnc) On Each End. Thinnet Is Part Of The Rg-
58 Family Of Cable*. Maximum Cable Length Is 185 Meters. Transmission Speed Is 10mbps.
Tia - Telecommunications Industries Association .
Tld - Top Level Domain
Token Ring - A Network Architecture Developed By Ibm Which Sends Tokens Around A Ring Of
Computers To Allow Media Access. Standardized To Ieee 802.5
Topology - The Shape Of The Physical Connection Of A Network With Regard To Repeaters And
Networked Computers. The Three Main Types Are Ring, Bus, And Star.
Ua - Users Agent. This Is The Program A User Will Use To Type E-Mail. It Usually Incorporates An
Editor For Support. The User Types The Mail And It Is Passed To The Sending Mta. This May Also Be
Called The Mail User Agent (Mua).
Udp - User Datagram Protocol Is A Connection Less Unreliable Protocol Working At The Transport
Layer. Rfc 768.
Unc - Universal Naming Convention Is Used To Allow The Use Of Shared Resources Without
Mapping A Drive To Them.
Unicast - A Transmission To A Single Interface Card.
Url - Universal Resource Relocator Is A Term Used To Describe The Name Of A Web Based Resource
Such As A Web Page Or Location Of A File For Down Loading.
Utp - Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable. Normally Utp Contains 8 Wires Or 4 Pair. 100 Meter
Maximum Length. 4-100 Mbps Speed.
Vim - Vendor-Independent Messaging Protocol From Lotus Supports Mail At The Application Level
And Is Supported By Many Vendors Exclusive Of Microsoft.
Vpn - Virtual Private Networking. The Function Of Vpn Is To Allow Two Computers Or Networks To
Talk To Each Other Over A Transport Media That Is Not Secure, But The Network Is Made Secure By
Vpn Security Protocols.
Network Terms
W3c - World Wide Web Consortium, Sets Standards For The Web Working With The Ietf.
Wan - Wide Area Network Is Larger Than A Man And May Be An Enterprise
Network.
Wins - Windows Internet Name Service Is The Microsoft Implementation Of Netbios Name
Service.
To Run Wire.
Wml - Wireless Markup Language Is Another Name For Hdml.
X.25 - This Is A Set Of Protocols Developed By The Ccitt/Itu Which Specifies How To Connect
Computer Devices Over A Internetwork.
X.400 - International Telecommunication Union Standard Defines Transfer Protocols For Sending
Mail Between Mail Servers.
X.500 - This Is A Recommendation Outlining How An Organization Can Share Objects And Names On
A Large Network. It Is Hierarchical Similar To Dns, Defining Domains Consisting Of Organizations,
Divisions, Departments, And Workgroups.
Xml - Extensible Markup Language Is A Subset Of Sgml And Is Used Widely On The Web.
Zip - Zone Information Protocol Used With Rtmp To Map Zones. Routers Use Zone Information
Tables (Zits) To Define Network Addresses And Zone Names.
This Information Provided By: Premakumar Thevathasan. CCNA, CCNP, CCIP, MCSA, MCSE, MCSA - MSG, CIW Security Analyst, CompTIA Certified A+.
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