IP ADDRESS BINARY CALCULATOR, FOR EXAMPLE TYPING IN: 169 254 180 55
IPv4 - IP ADDRESS CLASSES:
| Class | 1st Octet Decimal Range | 1st Octet High Order Bits | Network/Host ID (N=Network, H=Host) | Default Subnet Mask | Number of Networks | Hosts per Network (Usable Addresses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 - 126* | 0 | N.H.H.H | 255.0.0.0 | 126 (27 - 2) | 16,777,214 (224 - 2) |
| B | 128 - 191 | 10 | N.N.H.H | 255.255.0.0 | 16,382 (214 - 2) | 65,534 (216 - 2) |
| C | 192 - 223 | 110 | N.N.N.H | 255.255.255.0 | 2,097,150 (221 - 2) | 254 (28 - 2) |
| D | 224 - 239 | 1110 | Reserved for Multicasting | |||
| E | 240 - 254 | 1111 | Experimental; used for research | |||
NOTE : Class A Addresses 127.0.0.0 To 127.255.255.255 Cannot Be Used And Is Reserved For Loopback And Diagnostic Functions.
IP v4 - PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES :
| Class | Private Networks | Subnet Mask | Address Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 10.0.0.0 | 255.0.0.0 | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 |
| B | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0 | 255.240.0.0 | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 |
| C | 192.168.0.0 | 255.255.0.0 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
IPv4 - IP CLASSES DESCRIPTION:
An Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) Is A Numerical Label Assigned To Each Device (E.G., Computer, Printer) Participating In A Computer Network That Uses The Internet Protocol For Communication. An IP Address Serves Two Principal Functions: Host Or Network Interface Identification And Location Addressing.
The Designers Of The Internet Protocol Defined An IP Address As A 32-Bit Number And This System, Known As Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), Is Still In Use Today. However, Due To The Enormous Growth Of The Internet And The Predicted Depletion Of Available Addresses, A New Addressing System (Ipv6), Using 128 Bits For The Address, Was Developed In 1995, Standardized As RFC 2460 In 1998, And Is Being Deployed Worldwide Since The Mid-2000s.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Manages The IP Address Space Allocations Globally And Delegates Five Regional Internet Registries (Rirs) To Allocate IP Address Blocks To Local Internet Registries (Internet Service Providers) And Other Entities.
The Allocation Of Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Address Space To Various Registries Is Listed Here. Originally, All The Ipv4 Address Spaces Was Managed Directly By The IANA. Later Parts Of The Address Space Were Allocated To Various Other Registries To Manage For Particular Purposes Or Regional Areas Of The World. RFC 1466 [RFC1466] Documents Most Of These Allocations.
CLASS A, CLASS B, CLASS C, CLASS D AND CLASS E IP ADDRESSES:
IP ADDRESS CLASS A, CLASS B, CLASS C, CLASS D AND CLASS E:
The Range Of All Possible Ipv4 Addresses Was Originally Segmented Into Five Classes, A Through E. A, B, And C Were Used For General Unicast Assignments, Class D Was Designated For Multicast Addressing, And Class E Was Set Aside For "Experimental" Use. In Fact, That Chunk Of Of About 268 Million Ipv4 Addresses Is Still Designated By IANA For "Future Use" Today.
With The Remaining Available Ipv4 Address Space Due To Run Out Some Time Next Year, It Would Seem That Now Might Be The Time To Break Out The Old Class E Addresses IANA Has Seemingly Been Saving For A Rainy Day. Unfortunately, It's Not All That Easy.
Two Internet Drafts Have Been Proposed For Allocating The Former Class E Space (240.0.0.0/4) For General Use. A Draft Titled Reclassifying 240/4 As Usable Unicast Address Space Was Put Forth By Some Engineers At Cisco, But It Is Expired As Of September 2008. A Similar Draft, Redesignation Of 240/4 From "Future Use" To "Private Use", Calls For The 240/4 Space To Be Allowed At Least For Private Use, But It Too Is Expired.
In A 32-Bit IP Address, The Number Of Bits Used To Identify The Network And The Host Vary According To The Network Class Of The Address. In A Class C Network, The First 3 Bits, Or The High-Order Bits, Are Always "110." The Next 21 Bits Are Used To Define The Class C Network, And The Final Eight Bits Are Used To Identify The Host. The IP Address Is Represented In Dotted Decimal Notation Of Four 8-Bit Fields, Or Octets, That Have Been Converted From Binary To Decimal Numbers. The Following Refers To "Decimal Numbers".
If The First Number Is Between 0 And 127, We Have A Class A Address. If The First Number Is Between 128 And 191, We Have A Class B Address. If The First Number Is Between 192 And 223, We Have A Class C
Address. Classes A, B, And C Are Used For Normal Communications On The Internet. If The First Number Is Between 224 And 239, We Have A Class D Address.
Class D Is Used For Multicast. If The First Number Is Between 240 And 255, We Have A Class E Address. Class E Addresses Are Reserved For Experimental Use By Authorized Researchers (Not You Or Me).
CLASS A NETWORKS :
Starts With A Number Between 1 And 126. Only 126 Of These Networks Are Available, However Each Class A Network Can Handle 16,777,214 IP Addresses Or Computers.
CLASS B NETWORKS :
IP Addresses Of This Type Starts With A Number Between 128 And 191. It's Possible To Have 16,384 Of These Networks And Each Class B Network Can Handle Up To 65,534 IP Addresses Or Computers.
CLASS C NETWORKS :
This Is The Most Widely Used Class By Small Businesses. When You Look At The IP Address, You'll Notice That Class C Networks Start With A First Number That's Between 192 And 223 (205.161.74.X For Example). There Can Be Up To 2,097,151 Class C Networks And Each Network Can Handle Close To 254 Computers.
PRIVATE NETWORK ADDRESSES (RFC1597/RFC1918 ADDRESSES):
Private Address Ranges Are Not Routed On The Internet And Can Be Freely Allocated In Any Private Network. NAT (Network Address Translation) Is Required When Connecting Such A Network To The Internet.
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 A 24-Bit Block, /8, Class A Network
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 A 20-Bit Block, /12, Set Of 16 Contiguous Class B Network Numbers
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 A 16-Bit Block, /16, Set Of 255 Contiguous Class C Network Numbers
MULTICAST ADDRESSES:
IP ADDRESS CLASS D AND MULTICAST :
The Ipv4 Networking Standard Defines Class D Addresses As Reserved For Multicast. Multicast Is A Mechanism For Defining Groups Of Nodes And Sending IP Messages To That Group Rather Than To Every Node On The LAN (Broadcast) Or Just One Other Node (Unicast).
Multicast Is Mainly Used On Research Networks. As With Class E, Class D Addresses Should Not Be Used By Ordinary Nodes On The Internet.
IP MULTICAST ADDRESS RANGES :
All Multicast Addresses Can Easily Be Recognized Because They Start With The Bit Pattern "1110".
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 Well-Known Multicast Addresses, Control Channels.
224.0.1.0 - 238.255.255.255 Globally-Scoped (Internet-Wide) Multicast Addresses.
239.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Local Multicast Addresses.
SPECIAL ADDRESSES:
SPECIAL ADDRESSES:
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Special Address Range For The Localhost. You Can Normally Not Use Those Addresses For Anything Else. 127.0.0.1 Is Generally Assigned To The Loopback Device.
0.0.0.0 Special Host Address Commonly Reserved For The Default Route
CONCLUSION:
The Goal Of This Article Is To Give An Easy Way To Understand The "The Ipv4 - IP Address Classes And Binary Calculator". Hope This Article Will Help Every Beginners Who Are Going To Start Cisco Lab Practice Without Any Doubts. Thank You And Best Of Luck.
This Article Written Author By: Premakumar Thevathasan. CCNA, CCNP, CCIP, MCSE, MCSA, MCSA - MSG, CIW Security Analyst, CompTIA Certified A+.
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