GATEWAY LOAD BALANCING PROTOCOL (GLBP) STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION GUIDELINE:

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HSRP, VRRP AND GLBP PROTOCOLS COMPARISON NOTES:

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HSRP, VRRP AND GLBP PROTOCOLS COMPARISON EXAMPLES:

◙ - ➤  For More About - > HOT STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL (HSRP) NOTES:

◙ - ➤  For More About - > HSRP STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION GUIDELINE WITH EXAMPLES:

◙ - ➤  For More About - > VRRP CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES:

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HSRP, VRRP AND GLBP PROTOCOLS:

PROTOCOL FEATURES	HSRP	VRRP	GLBP
SCOPE	Cisco Proprietary	IEEE Standard	Cisco Proprietary
STANDARD	RFC2281	RFC3768	None
OSI LAYER	Layer-3	Layer-3	Layer-2
LOAD BALANCING<	No	No	Yes
MULTICAST GROUP IP ADDRESS	224.0.0.2 in version 1224.0.0.102 In Version 2	224.0.0.18	224.0.0.102
TRANSPORT PORT NUMBER	UDP 1985	UDP 112	UDP 3222
TIMERS	Hello – 3 Sec	Advertisement – 1 sec	Hello – 3sec
	Hold – 10 sec	Master down time = 3*Advertisement Time + Skew TimeSkew Time = (256-            Priority)/256	Hold – 10sec
ELECTION	Active Router:1.Highest Priority2. Highest IP Address (Tiebreaker)	Master Router: (*) 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (Tiebreaker)	Active Virtual Gateway: 1-Highest Priority 2-Highest IP (Tiebreaker)
ROUTER ROLE	-One Active Router, one Standby Router-One Or More Listening Routers	- One Active Router- One or More Backup Routers	- One AVG (Active Virtual Gateway)- Up To 4 AVF Routers On The Group (Active Virtual Forwarder) Passing Traffic.- Up To 1024 Virtual Routers (Glbp Groups) Per Physical Interface.
PREEMPT	If Active Router(Highest Priority) Is Down And Up Again, Preempt Should Be Configured To Become A Active Router Again	By Default Preempt is ON in VRRP, If Active Router Is Down And Up Again, It Will Automatically Become A Master Router	If Active Router(Highest Priority) Is Down And Up Again, Preempt Should Be Configured To Become A Active Router Again.
GROUP VIRTUAL MAC ADDRESS	0000.0c07.acxx	0000.5e00.01xx	0007.b4xx.xxxx
IPv6 SUPPORT	Yes	To VRRPv2 RFC 3768 (IPv4) And VRRPv3 RFC 5798 (IPv6) - To Make VRRP Work In IPv6 Networks, Several Additional Options Must Be Enabled - V3 Support Is Required And Protocol Type Should Be Set To IPv6.	Yes

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GATEWAY LOAD BALANCING PROTOCOL(GLBP)

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GATEWAY LOAD BALANCING PROTOCOL (GLBP) Is A Cisco Proprietary Protocol That Attempts To Overcome The Limitations Of Existing Redundant Router Protocols By Adding Basic Load Balancing Functionality. GLBP Is A Cisco Proprietary Standard Which Means That GLBP Cannot Inter-Operate With Other Non-Cisco Platforms.

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GLBP FUNCTIONS

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GLBP ACTIVE VIRTUAL GATEWAY (AVG): Members Of A GLBP Group Elect One Gateway To Be The AVG For That Group. Other Group Members Provide Backup For The AVG If The AVG Becomes Unavailable. The AVG Assigns A Virtual MAC Address To Each Member Of The GLBP Group.

GLBP ACTIVE VIRTUAL FORWARDER (AVF): Each Gateway Assumes Responsibility For Forwarding Packets That Are Sent To The Virtual MAC Address Assigned To That Gateway By The AVG. These Gateways Are Known As AVFs For Their Virtual MAC Address.

GLBP COMMUNICATION: GLBP Members Communicate Between Each Other Through Hello Messages Sent Every 3 Seconds To The Multicast Address 224.0.0.102, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Port 3222.

Two Or Mode Routers Participate In A GLBP Group And A Virtual IP And Virtual Mac Address For Each Router Are Created. The AVG (Active Virtual Gateway) Responds To ARP Requests With A Different Mac Address For Each Request Effectively Load Balancing The Clients Across The AVF (Active Virtual Forwarders). GLBP Elects One AVG (Active Virtual Gateway) For Each Group. Other Group Members Act As Backup In Case Of AVG Failure. In Case There Are More Than Two Members, The Second Best AVG Is Placed In The Standby State And All Other Members Are Placed In The Listening State. This Is Monitored Using Hello And Holdtime Timers, Which Are 3 And 10 Seconds By Default. The Elected AVG Then Assigns A Virtual MAC Address To Each Member Of The GLBP Group, Including Itself, Thus Enabling AVFs (Active Virtual Forwarders). Each AVF Assumes Responsibility For Forwarding Packets Sent To Its Virtual MAC Address. There Could Be Up To Four AVFs At The Same Time.

◙   Cisco Designed GLBP Allow For Simultaneous Use Of Multiple, Available Gateways, As Well As Automatic Failover Between Those Gateways.
◙   With GLBP, It Is Not Necessary To Configure Multiple Groups Or Assign Different Gateways To Clients.
◙   The Members Of A GLBP Group Elect One Gateway To Be The Active Virtual Gateway (AVG) For That Group.

o The AVG Is The Router With The Highest Priority Or IP Addr. o Other Members Of That Group Provide Backup For The AVG.

◙   The AVG Assigns A Virtual MAC Address To Each Member Of The GLBP Group.

o The AVG Answers All ARP Requests Sent From Clients And Responds With One Of The Virtual MAC Addresses Of A Member Of The GLBP Group.
o A GLBP Group Can Have Up To Four Group Members.
o Each Router In The GLBP Group Is Called An Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF).

◙   GLBP Uses UDP/3222 Over IP Multicast Address 224.0.0.102 (Same As HSRP) To Communicate Between Routers.
◙   There Is No Default Group In GLBP. The Default Priority Is 100 (Higher Is Better). The Priority Is Used To Decide Which Gateway Is The The AVG Not Which Gateways Are AVFs.
◙   The Ability To Track Objects In GLBP Allow You To Confirm Which Gateways You Want To Be Active Based On Conditions Such As Reachability By Dynamically Adjusting The Weighting Of A Gateway.
◙   GLBP Preemption Is Feature That Allows A Standby Gateway To Become Active If It's Priority Is Higher Than The Current Active Gateway. This Is Disabled By Default Like HSRP.
◙   The Default Keepalive Is 3 Seconds With A Hold Timer Of 10 Seconds Which Is The Same As HSRP.
◙   MD5 Authentication Is Available.
◙   GLBP Does Not Support BFD For Sub-Second Convergence.

◙   GLBP SUPPORTS DIFFERENT MODES OF LOAD BALANCING (OPERATIONAL MODES FOR LOAD BALANCING):

o WEIGHTED LOAD-BALANCING - > Uses The Configured Weight Value

WEIGHTED LOAD-BALANCING ALGORITHM: The Amount Of Load Directed To A Router Is Dependent Upon The Weighting Value Advertised By That Router.

o HOST-DEPENDENT - > Same Host Always Uses The Same Virtual MAC

HOST-DEPENDENT LOAD-BALANCING ALGORITHM: A Host Is Guaranteed Use Of The Same Virtual MAC Address As Long As That Virtual MAC Address Is Participating In The GLBP Group.

o ROUND-ROBIN - > Each ARP Reply Contains The Virtual MAC Address Of The Next Router In The Group

ROUND-ROBIN LOAD-BALANCING ALGORITHM: As Clients Send ARP Requests To Resolve The MAC Address Of The Default Gateway, The Reply To Each Client Contains The MAC Address Of The Next Possible Router In Round-Robin Fashion. All Routers’ MAC Addresses Take Turns Being Included In Address Resolution Replies For The Default Gateway IP Address.

◙   In The Event That One Of The AVFs Becomes Unavailable, The Next AVF Takes Over For The One That Went Down.

GLBP Supports In Service Software Upgrade (ISSU). In Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) Allows A High-Availability (HA) System To Run In STATEFUL SWITCHOVER (SSO) Mode Even When Different Versions Of Cisco IOS Software Are Running On The Active And Standby Route Processors (RPS) Or Line Cards.

STATEFUL SWITCHOVER (SSO):

◙   Provides Minimal Layer 2 Traffic Disruption During Supervisor Switchover.
◙   Redundant Supervisor Starts Up In Fully Initialized State And Synchronizes With Startup Configuration And Running Configuration Of Active Supervisor.
◙   Standby Supervisor In SSO Mode Keeps In Sync With Active Supervisor For All Changes In Hardware And Software States For Features Supported Via SSO.

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GLBP FEATURES:

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LOAD SHARING: You Can Configure GLBP In Such A Way That Multiple Routers Can Share Traffic From LAN Clients, Thereby Sharing The Traffic Load More Equitably Among Available Routers.

MULTIPLE VIRTUAL ROUTERS: GLBP Supports Up To 1024 Virtual Routers (GLBP Groups) On Each Physical Interface Of A Router And Up To Four Virtual Forwarders Per Group.

PREEMPTION: The Redundancy Scheme Of GLBP Enables You To Preempt An AVG With A Higher Priority Backup Virtual Gateway That Has Become Available. Forwarder Preemption Works In A Similar Way, Except That Forwarder Preemption Uses Weighting Instead Of Priority And Is Enabled By Default.

EFFICIENT RESOURCE UTILIZATION: GLBP Makes It Possible For Any Router In A Group To Serve As A Backup, Which Eliminates The Need For A Dedicated Backup Router Because All Available Routers Can Support Network Traffic.

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GATEWAY LOAD BALANCING PROTOCOL (GLBP) STEP BY STEP CONFIGURATION GUIDELINE

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GLBP CONFIGURATION PROCESS: Each Gateway In A GLBP Group Must Be Configured With The Same Group Number, And At Least One Gateway In The GLBP Group Must Be Configured With The Virtual IP Address To Be Used By The Group. All Other Required Parameters Can Be Learned.

ENABLING GLBP: Enable GLBP On An Interface. This Command Makes The Interface A Member Of The Virtual Group Identified With The IP Virtual Address:

Switch(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number IP Virtual-Gateway-Address

Set A GLBP Priority For This Router For This GLBP Group. The Highest Value Wins Election As Active Router. The Default Is 100. If Routers Have The Same GLBP Priority, The Gateway With The Highest Real IP Address Becomes The AVG:

Switch(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number Priority Priority-Value

Change Timer Values For Hello Interval And Holdtime. Place The Argument Msec Before The Values To Enter Subsecond Values:

Switch(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number Timers Hello Holdtime

SUMMARY STEPS:

STEP 1. Router>Enable - > Enter Privileged EXEC Mode
STEP 2. Router#Configure Terminal - > Enter Global Configuration Mode - >
STEP 3. Router(Config)#Interface Interface - > Enter Interface Configuration Mode.
STEP 4. Router(Config-If)#IP Address Address Netmask - > Configure An IP Address On The Interface
STEP 5. Router(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number Ip [Ip-Address] - > Configure An GLBP Virtual IP Address.

Notes: The Group-Number Can Be Any Value From 1 To 1023. This Address (If Entered) Must Be In The Same Subnet As The Interface IP Address (Primary Or Secondary). It Is Possible Not To Enter An Ip-Address; In This Case, The Virtual IP Address Is Learned From Another GLBP Device.

6. Router(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number Priority Priority - > Configure The GLBP Priority (Optional) The Valid Values For The Priority Are From 1 Through 255.
7. Router(Config-If)#GLBP Group-Number Preempt - > Configure GLBP Preemption (Optional). GLBP Preemption Is Disabled By Default.

DETAILED STEPS:

1. Router> Enable - Enable
2. Router# Configure terminal - > Configure Terminal
3. Router(config)# Interface fastethernet 0/0 - > Interface Type Number
4. Router(config-if)# IP Address 10.21.8.32 255.255.255.0 - > IP Address Ip-Address Mask [Secondary]
5. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 timers 5 - > 18 GLBP Group Timers [Msec] Hellotime [Msec] Holdtime
6. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 timers redirect 1800 28800 - > GLBP Group Timers Redirect Redirect Timeout
7. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 load-balancing host-dependent - > GLBP Group Load-Balancing [Host-Dependent | Round-Robin | Weighted]
8. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 priority 254 - > GLBP Group Priority Level
9. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 preempt delay minimum 60 - > GLBP Group Preempt [Delay Minimum Seconds]
10. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 client-cache maximum 1200 timeout 245 - > GLBP Group Client-Cache Maximum Number [Timeout Minutes]
11. Router(config-if)# GLBP 10 Name abc123 - > GLBP Group Name Redundancy-Name
12. Router(config-if)# Exit - > Exit 13. Router(config)# No GLBP SSO - > No GLBP SSO

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CONFIGURING GLBP STEPS

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CONFIGURING GLBP:

Router(Config)#Interface Fastethernet 0/0 - > Moves To Interface Config Mode.

Router(Config)#Interface VLAN 10 - > Moves To Interface Config Mode.

Router(Config-If)#IP Address 172.16.100.5 255.255.255.0 - > Assigns An IP Address And Netmask.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 IP 172.16.100.1 - > Enables GLBP For Group 10 On This Interface With A Virtual Address Of 172.16.100.1. The Range Of Group Numbers Is From 0 To 1023.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Preempt - > Configures The Switch To Preempt, Or Take Over, As The Active Virtual Gateway (AVG) For Group 10 If This Switch Has A Higher Priority Than The Current AVG.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Preempt Delay Minimum 60 - > Configures The Router To Preempt, Or Take Over, As AVG For Group 10 If This Router Has A Higher Priority Than The Current Active Virtual Forwarder (AVF) After A Delay Of 60 Seconds.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Forwarder Preempt - > Configures The Router To Preempt, Or Take Over, As AVF For Group 10 If This Router Has A Higher Priority Than The Current AVF. This Command Is Enabled By Default With A Delay Of 30 Seconds.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Preempt Delay Minimum 60 - > Configures The Router To Preempt, Or Take Over, As AVF For Group 10 If This Router Has A Higher Priority Than The Current AVF After A Delay Of 60 Seconds.

Members Of A GLBP Group Elect One Gateway To Be The AVG For That Group. Other Group Members Provide Backup For The AVG In Case The AVG Becomes Unavailable. The AVG Assigns A Virtual MAC Address To Each Member Of The GLBP Group. Each Gateway Assumes Responsibility For Forwarding Packets Sent To The Virtual MAC Address Assigned To It By The AVG.

These Gateways Are Known As AVFs For Their Virtual MAC Address. Virtual Forwarder Redundancy Is Similar To Virtual Gateway Redundancy With An AVF. If The AVF Fails, One Of The Secondary Virtual Forwarders In The Listen State Assumes Responsibility For The Virtual MAC Address. The GLBP Preempt Command Uses Priority To Determine What Happens If The AVG Fails As Well As The Order Of Ascendancy To Becoming An AVG If The Current AVG Fails. The GLBP Forwarder Preempt Command Uses Weighting Value To Determine The Forwarding Capacity Of Each Router In The GLBP Group.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Priority 150 - > Sets The Priority Level Of The Switch. The Range Of The Priority Argument Is 1To 255. The Default Priority Of GLBP Is 100. A Higher Priority Number Is Preferred.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Timers 5 15 - > Configures The Hello Timer To Be Set To 5 Seconds And The Hold Timer To Be 15 Seconds.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Timers Msec 20200 Msec 60600 - > Configures The Hello Timer To Be 20200 Milliseconds And The Hold Timer To Be 60600 Milliseconds. The Default Hello Timer Is 3 Seconds. The Range Of The Hello Timer Interval Is 1 To 60 Seconds. If The Msec Argument Is Used, The Timer Is Measured In Milliseconds, With A Range Of 50 To 60000.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Hostdependent - > Specifies That GLBP Will Load Balance Using The Host-Dependent Method.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Weighted - > Specifies That GLBP Loads Balance Using The Weighted Method.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Weighting 80 - > Assigns A Maximum Weighting Value For This Interface For Load Balancing Purposes. The Value Can Be From 1 To 254.

Router(Config-If)#GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Round-Robin - > Specifies That GLBP Loads Balance Using The Round-Robin Method.

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CONFIGURATION GLBP EXAMPLES WITH TWO ROUTERS

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ROUTER 1:

Router> Enable - > Moves To Privileged Mode
Router# Configure Terminal - > Moves To Global Config Mode
Router(Config)# Hostname R1 - > Assigns Router Name
R1(Config)# Interface Fastethernet 0/0 - > Moves To Interface Config Mode
R1(Config-If)# IP Address 172.16.16.5 255.255.255.0 - > Assigns IP Address And Netmask
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 IP 172.16.16.254 - > Enables GLBP For Group 10 On This Interface With A Virtual Address Of 172.16.16.254
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Preempt - > Configures The Router To Preempt, Or Take Over, As AVG For Group 10 If This Router Has A Higher Priority Than The Current AVG
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Priority 250 - > Sets The Priority Level Of The Router
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Timers 5 18 - > Configures The Hello Timer To Be Set To 5 Seconds And The Hold Timer To Be 18 Seconds
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Host-Dependent - > Specifies That GLBP Will Load Balance Using The Host-Dependent Method
R1(Config-If)# No Shutdown - > Enables The Interface
R1(Config-If)# Exit - > Returns To Global Config Mode
R1(Config)# Exit - > Returns To Privileged Mode
R1# Copy Running-Config Startup-Config - > Saves The Configuration To NVRAM

ROUTER 2:

Router> Enable - > Moves To Privileged Mode
Router# Configure Terminal - > Moves To Global Config Mode
Router(Config)# Hostname R2 - > Assigns Router Name
R2(Config)# Interface Fastethernet 0/0 - > Moves To Interface Config Mode
R2(Config-If)# IP Address 172.16.16.6 255.255.255.0 - > Assigns Ip Address And Netmask
R2(Config-If)# GLPB 10 IP 172.16.16.254 - > Enables Glbp For Group 10 On This Interface With A Virtual Address Of 172.16.16.254
R2(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Preempt - > Configures The Router To Preempt, Or Take Over, As AVG For Group 10 If This Router Has A Higher Priority Than The Current AVG
R2(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Priority 100 - > Sets The Priority Level Of The Router. The Default Setting Is 100.
R2(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Timers 5 18 - > Configures The Hello Timer To Be Set To 5 Seconds And The Hold Timer To Be 18 Seconds
R1(Config-If)# GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Host-Dependent - > Specifies That GLBP Will Load Balance Using The Host-Dependent Method
R2(Config-If)# No Shutdown - > Enables The Interface
R2(Config-If)# Exit - > Returns To Global Config Mode
R2(Config)# Exit - > Returns To Privileged Mode
R2# Copy Running-Config Startup-Config - > Saves The Configuration To NVRAM

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VERIFYING GLBP EXAMPLES

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Router#Show Running-Config - > Displays The Contents Of Dynamic RAM.
Router#Show GLBP - > Displays GLBP Information.
Router#Show GLBP Brief - > Displays A Brief Status Of All GLBP Groups.
Router#Show GLBP 10 - > Displays Information About GLBP Group 10.
Router#Show GLBP VLAN 10 - > Displays GLBP Information On Interface VLAN 10.
Router#Show GLBP VLAN 20 10 - > Displays GLBP Group 10

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DEBUGGING GLBP EXAMPLES

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Router#Debug Condition GLBP - > Displays GLBP Condition Messages.
Router#Debug GLBP Errors - > Displays All GLBP Error Messages.
Router#Debug GLBP Events - > Displays All GLBP Event Messages.
Router#Debug GLBP Packets - > Displays Messages About Packets Sent And Received.
Router#Debug GLBP Terse - > Displays A Limited Range Of Debugging Messages.

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GATEWAY LOAD BALANCING PROTOCOL (GLBP) BASIC CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

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GLBP BASIC CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

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GLBP TRACKING CONFIGURATION

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GLBP TRACKING CONFIGURATION:

TRACKING CONFIGURING GLBP
Track 1 IP Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Reachability
Standby 1 Track 1 Decrement 100
Interface VLAN1
IP Address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
GLBP 1 IP 192.168.12.254
GLBP 1 Priority 110
GLBP 1 Preempt
GLBP 1 Weighting 100 lower 90
GLBP 1 Weighting track 1 decrement 100

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GLBP AUTHENTICATION

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GLBP MD5 AUTHENTICATION CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

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GLBP IPV6 CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE

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GLBP IPv6 CONFIGURATION:

Interface Fastethernet 0/0
IPv6 Address 2001:0db8:0001:0001:/64
GLBP 10 Timers 5 18
GLBP 10 Timers Redirect 600 7200
GLBP 10 Load-Balancing Host-Dependent
GLBP 10 Priority 254
GLBP 10 Preempt Delay Minimum 60

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CONCLUSION:

The Goal Of This Article Is To Give An Easy Way To Understand The “Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) Step By Step Configuration Guideline" And Also We Hope This Guide Will Help Every Beginner Who Are Going To Start Cisco Lab Practice Without Any Doubts. Some Topics That You Might Want To Pursue On Your Own That We Did Not Cover In This Article Are Listed Here!

Hands - On Experience Is An Invaluable Part Of Preparing For The Lab Exam And Never Pass Up An Opportunity To Configure Or Troubleshoot A Router ( If You Have Access To Lab Facilities, Take Full Advantage Of Them) There Is No Replacement For The Experience You Can Gain From Working In A Lab, Where You Can Configure Whatever You Want To Configure And Introduce Whatever Problems You Want To Introduce, Without Risk Of Disrupting A Production Network. Thank You And Best Of Luck

This Article Written Author By: Mr. Premakumar Thevathasan - CCNA And CCNP (Routing & Switching), MCSE, MCSA, MCSA - MSG, CIW Security Analyst, CompTIA Certified A+ And Etc.

WARNING AND DISCLAIMER:

Routers Direct And Control Much Of The Data Flowing Across Computer Networks. This Guide Provides Technical Guidance Intended To Help All Network Students, Network Administrators And Security Officers Improve Of Their Demonstrated Ability To Achieve Specific objectives Within Set Timeframes.

This Document Carries No Explicit Or Implied Warranty. Nor Is There Any Guarantee That The Information Contained In This Document Is Accurate. Every Effort Has Been Made To Make All Articles As Complete And As Accurate As Possible, But No Warranty Or Fitness Is Implied.

It Is Offered In The Hopes Of Helping Others, But You Use It At Your Own Risk. The Author Will Not Be Liable For Any Special, Incidental, Consequential Or Indirect Any Damages Due To Loss Of Data Or Any Other Reason That Occur As A Result Of Using This Document. But No Warranty Or Fitness Is Implied. The Information Provided Is On An "As Is" Basic. All Use Is Completely At Your Own Risk.

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