THE SCHOOL OF CISCO NETWORKING (SCN): IMPORTANT POINTS TO KNOW ABOUT IPv6:
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IMPORTANT POINTS TO KNOW ABOUT IPv6:

IPv6 ADDRESS

IPv6 ADDRESS (RFC: 2460)




ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER RESOURCE ORGANIZATION, THE WORLD OFFICIALLY RAN OUT OF IPV4 ADDRESSES IN FEBRUARY 2011.

To Many Who Are Lucky To Have Access The Internet Could Seem Like An Enormous Medium Full Of Endless Ideas. But To Connect With And Create Those Ideas, Your Computer Requires A Unique, Identifiable Address, Called An Internet Protocol (IP) Address.

Most Of Us Are Currently Using Version 4 (Or IPv4). That Means It’s Using A Series Of Four Numbers To Give Your Computer A Unique Address Online.

But Just Like Any New And Growing Town, At Some Point All The Homes Become Occupied. What’s The Solution? Internet Protocol Version 6 Or, As Everyone Is Calling It, Ipv6.

WORLD IPV6 LAUNCH:


Major Isps, Home Networking Equipment Manufacturers, And Web Companies Around The World Are Coming Together To Permanently Enable Ipv6 For Their Products And Services By 6 June 2012.

Organised By The Internet Society, And Building On The Successful One-Day World Ipv6 Event Held On 8 June 2011, World IPv6 Launch Represents A Major Milestone In The Global Deployment Of Ipv6. As The Successor To The Current Internet Protocol, Ipv4, Ipv6 Is Critical To The Internet's Continued Growth As A Platform For Innovation And Economic Development.

WHY IPV6?


To Some, The Switch To Ipv6 Might Not Seem To Be Something That Needs To Be Rushed. After All, The Programmes You Use Still Work And Everything About Your Experience On The Internet Has Pretty Much Stayed The Same. But It Won’t Stay That Way.

A LACK OF INTERNET ADDRESSES MEANS THAT EVENTUALLY:


  • Your Favorite Web Programmes Will Slow Down.

  • Computers Will Have A Harder Time Communicating With Each Other, Making The Ability To Offer Services Like Skype Difficult.


  • Your Privacy Could Be Compromised Because With All The Dividing Of Addresses, It Will Be Hard To Tell The Difference Between You And Another Computer User Down The Street.

    The Following Pages Offer Solutions For Every Day Users, Business, And Governments When It Comes To Helping Ensure Ipv6 Is Not Only Understood, But Also Implemented.

    IPv6


    Ipv6 Uses A128-Bit Address Size Compared With The 32-Bit System Used In Ipv4 And Will Allow For As Many As 3.4x1038 Possible Addresses, Enough To Cover Every Inhabitant On Planet Earth Several Times Over. The 128-Bit System Also Provides For Multiple Levels Of Hierarchy And Flexibility In Hierarchical Addressing And Routing, A Feature That Is Found Wanting On The Ipv4-Based Internet.

    MAJOR EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW PROTOCOL IS GIVEN BELOW:


  • Basic protocol (RFC 2460) published in 1998

  • Basic socket API (RFC 2553) and DHCPv6 (RFC 3315) published in 2003.

  • Mobile IPv6 (RFC 3775) published in 2004

  • Flow label specifications (RFC 3697) added 2004

  • Address architecture (RFC 4291) stable, minor revision in 2006

  • Node requirements (RFC 4294) published 2006

  • 32-Bit Ipv4 Addresses Are Represented By Breaking Them Into Four 8-Bit Segments And Writing Each Of Those Segments In Decimal Between 0 And 255, Separating Them With Periods; Hence The Term Dotted Decimal.

    The Internet Protocol Version 6 (Also Known As Ipv6), Which Is The Next Step Beyond Ipv4, The Current Standard Protocol For The Internet. These Protocols Provide IP Addresses, The "Phone Numbers" For The Internet That Are Responsible For Identifying Computers And Devices So They Can Communicate.

    Ipv4 Provides Around 4 Billion IP Addresses. Ipv4 Addresses Are Increasingly Scarce As More And More Devices Connect To The Internet. IPv6 Expands The Address Space On The Internet From 32 Bits To 128 Bits. This Enables Essentially An Unlimited Number Of IP Addresses And Subsequently, An Unlimited Number Of Devices That Can Be Directly Connected To The Global Internet. Ipv6 Is Also Designed To Solve Many Of The Problems Of Ipv4, Including Mobility, Auto Configuration, And Overall Extensibility.

    The Major Technology Companies Have Been Working Behind The Scenes For Years To Deliver A Smooth Transition From Ipv4 To IPv6, In Effect An Upgrade Of The Entire Internet, And We Continue To Lead In The Development Of This New Standard.

  • 128-Bit Ipv6 Addresses (RFC 2460 IPv6 Specification) Are Represented By Breaking Them Up Into Eight 16-Bit Segments. Each Segment Is Written In Hexadecimal Between 0x0000 And 0xffff, Separated By Colons.

    IPV6 FEATURES


    IPv6 FEATURES:


    The Massive Proliferation Of Devices, Need For Newer And More Demanding Applications On A Global Level And The Increasing Role Of Networks In The Way Business Is Conducted Are Some Of The Pressing Issues The Ipv6 Protocol Seeks To Cater To. The Following Are The Features Of The Ipv6 Protocol:

  • New Header Format Designed To Keep Header Overhead To A Minimum - Achieved By Moving Both Non-Essential Fields And Optional Fields To Extension Headers That Are Placed After The Ipv6 Header. The Streamlined Ipv6 Header Is More Efficiently Processed At Intermediate Routers.

  • Large Address Space - Ipv6 Has 128-Bit (16-Byte) Source And Destination IP Addresses. The Large Address Space Of Ipv6 Has Been Designed To Allow For Multiple Levels Of Subnetting And Address Allocation From The Internet Backbone To The Individual Subnets Within An Organization. Obviates The Need For Address-Conservation Techniques Such As The Deployment Of Nats.

  • Efficient And Hierarchical Addressing And Routing Infrastructure- Based On The Common Occurrence Of Multiple Levels Of Internet Service Providers

    .
  • Stateless And Stateful Address Configuration Both In The Absence Or Presence Of A DHCP Server. Hosts On A Link Automatically Configure Themselves With Link-Local Addresses And Communicate Without Manual Configuration.

  • Built-In Security: Compliance With Ipsec [10] Is Mandatory In Ipv6, And Ipsec Is Actually A Part Of The Ipv6 Protocol. Ipv6 Provides Header Extensions That Ease The Implementation Of Encryption, Authentication, And Virtual Private Networks (Vpns). Ipsec Functionality Is Basically Identical In Ipv6 And Ipv4, But One Benefit Of Ipv6 Is That Ipsec Can Be Utilized Along The Entire Route, From Source To Destination.

  • Better Support For Prioritized Delivery Thanks To The Flow Label Field In The Ipv6 Header

  • New Protocol For Neighboring Node Interaction- The Neighbor Discovery Protocol For Ipv6 Replaces The Broadcast-Based Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Icmpv4 Router Discovery, And Icmpv4 Redirect Messages With Efficient Multicast And Unicast Neighbor Discovery Messages.

  • Extensibility- Ipv6 Can Easily Be Extended For New Features By Adding Extension Headers After The Ipv6 Header.

    Ipv6 Thus Holds Out The Promise Of Achieving End-To-End Security, Mobile Communications, Quality Of Service (QOS), And Simplified System Management.

    IPv6 EXAMPLES


    An Example Of A Written IPv6 Address Is:

    3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b

    Remembering More Than A Few Such Addresses Is Practically Impossible, And Writing Them Is Not Much Fun Either. Fortunately.

  • There Are Two Rules For Reducing The Size Of Written IPv6 Addresses: The First Rule Is:

    The Leading Zeroes In Any 16-Bit Segment Do Not Have To Be Written; If Any 16-Bit Segment Has Fewer Than Four Hexadecimal Digits, It Is Assumed That The Missing Digits Are Leading Zeroes.

    In The Example Address, The Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, And Eighth Segments Have Leading Zeroes. Using The First Address Compression Rule, The Address Can Be Written As:

    3ffe:1944:100:A:0:Bc:2500:D0b

    Notice That Only Leading Zeroes Can Be Omitted; Trailing Zeroes Cannot, Because Doing So Would Make The Segment Ambiguous. You Would Not Be Able To Tell Whether The Missing Zeroes Belonged Before Or After The Written Digits.

    Notice Also That The Fifth Segment In The Example Address Is All Zeroes, And Is Written With A Single Zero. Many Ipv6 Addresses Have Long Strings Of Zeroes In Them. Take, For Example, The Following Address:

    Ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0005

    This Address Can Be Reduced As Follows :

    Ff02:0:0:0:0:0:0:5

  • However, Using The Second Rule Can Reduce This Address Even Further:

    Any Single, Contiguous String Of One Or More 16-Bit Segments Consisting Of All Zeroes Can Be Represented With A Double Colon.

    Using This Rule, The Example Address Can Be Represented As The Following:

    Ff02::5

    The Increased Convenience In Writing Such An Address Is Obvious. But Notice That The Rule Says Only A Single Contiguous String Of All-Zero Segments Can Be Represented With A Double Colon. Using The Double Colon More Than Once In An Ipv6 Address Can Create Ambiguity. Take, For Example, The Following Address:

    2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095

    Either Of The Following Reductions Of The Address Is Correct Because They Use A Double Colon Only Once:

    2001:D02::14:0:0:95

    2001:D02:0:0:14::95

    But The Following Reduction Is Illegal Because It Uses The Double Colon Twice:

    2001:D02::14::95

    It Is Illegal Because The Length Of The Two All-Zero Strings Is Ambiguous; It Could Represent Any Of The Following Ipv6 Addresses :

    2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095
    2001:0d02:0000:0000:0000:0014:0000:0095
    2001:0d02:0000:0014:0000:0000:0000:0095

    Unlike Ipv4, In Which The Prefixthe Network Portion Of The Addresscan Be Identified By A Dotted Decimal Or Hexadecimal Address Mask Or A Bitcount, Ipv6 Prefixes Are Always Identified By Bitcount. That Is, The Address Is Followed By A Forward Slash And A Decimal Number Indicating How Many Of The First Bits Of The Address Are The Prefix Bits.

    For Example, The Prefix Of The Following Address Is The First 64 Bits:

    3ffe:1944:100:A::Bc:2500:D0b/64

    When You Are Writing Just An Ipv6 Prefix, You Set All The Host Bits To 0 The Same Way You Do With Ipv4 Addresses.

    For An Example : 3ffe:1944:100:A::/64

    An Ipv6 Address Consisting Of All Zeroes Can Be Written Simply With A Double Colon. There Are Two Cases Where An All-Zeroes Address Is Used.

    The First Is A Default Address, "Default Routes And On-Demand Routing," In Which The Address Is All Zeroes And The Prefix Length Is Zero:

    ::/0

    The Second All-Zeroes Ipv6 Address Is An Unspecified Address, Which Is Used In Some Neighbor Discovery Protocol Procedures Described Later In This Chapter. An Unspecified Address Is A Filler, Indicating The Absence Of A Real Ipv6 Address.

    When Writing An Unspecified Address, It Is Differentiated From A Default Address By Its Prefix Length:

    ::/128

    IMPORTANT POINTS TO KNOW ABOUT IPv6


    IMPORTANT POINTS TO KNOW ABOUT IPV6:


    We Are Slowly Approaching The Implementation Of Ipv6 In A Mass Scale And Thus We Must Be Ready To Learn Some Significant Differences Over Ipv4. Also, Some IP Addressing Terms Will Start To Appear With Increasing Frequency In Our Day To Day Work.

    SO LET’S SEE SOME NOTABLE CONCEPTS THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IPV6:

    – Ipv6 Addresses Are 128 Bits Long And Are Expressed In Hexadecimal Numbers.

    – Ipv4 Addresses Are 32 Bits Long And Are Represented As Four Octets Separated By Periods. Each Octet Of The Address Is Represented In Decimal, Taking A Possible Value Between 0 And 255.

    EXAMPLE: 192.168.1.1

    – Ipv6 Addresses Are 128 Bits Long And Are Expressed In Hexadecimal Numbers. Every Four Hexadecimal Characters Are Separated By A Colon.

    EXAMPLE: 2001:75b: A12c: 6: C0: A8: 1:1

    – Ipv6 Uses Different IP Address Types. One Of Those Types Is The Link Local Address That Configures Itself At Every Interface That Has Enabled The Ipv6 Protocol. The Local Link Interface Addresses Always Begin With FE80.

    – Similarly, Multicast Addresses Always Start With FF0x (The X Represents A Hexadecimal Digit Letter Between 1 And 8).

    – Zeros At The Beginning Of Each Portion Of The Address May Be Deleted. Ipv6 Addresses Are Expressed As 32 Hexadecimal Digits Separated Into 8 Groups Of 4 Digits Separated By A Colon. When One Of These 8 Groups Of Digits Begins With Zero, It Can Be Eliminated.

    FOR EXAMPLE:FE80: CD00: 0000: 0CDE: 1234: 0000: 5678: 0009

    IF WE DELETE THE ZEROS AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH SECTION THE ADDRESS BECOMES:

    FE80: CD00: 0: CDE: 1234: 0: 5678: 9

    – When There Are Zeros In Several Positions, They May Also Be Deleted.

    We Often Find Addresses That Have Multiple Sections Of Zero. These Sections Can Also Be Suppressed To A Single Zero.

    FOR EXAMPLE:FE80: CD00: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0010:0127

    In This Scenario We Can Eliminate Consecutive Groups Of Zeros And Also Suppress Leading Zeros In Some Groups. Thus, The Address Becomes:

    FE80: CD00 :: 10:127

    The Double Colon Expression :: Tells The Operating System That Everything Between Them Are All Zeros.

    You Must Be Careful Because You Can Delete An Entire Section Only When Fully Made Up With Zeros. Also Remember That The Double Colon Expression :: Can Be Used Only Once In Each IP Address Representation.

    There Is Only One Loopback Address. Ipv4 Has Reserved The Entire Network 127.0.0.0 / 8 (It Is Customary To Use Address 127.0.0.1) As The Loopback Address To Point To The Local Machine.

    In Ipv6 There Is Also A Loopback Address, But In This Case Is Only One And Represented With :: 1

    Or To Put It In The Conventional Way (Full Format):

    0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

    NO SUBNET MASK IS NEEDED :


    In Ipv4, Each Port Is Identified By An IP Address And Subnet Mask.

    In Ipv6 You Can Also Implement Subnets But This Is Not Necessary. Of The Total Of 128 Bits That Make Up An Address, The First 48 Identify The Network Prefix, The Next 16 Are The Subnet ID, And The Last 64 Are The Interface Identifier. Since 16 Bits Are Reserved For The Local Portion Of Subnets, In An Ipv6 Network It Is Possible To Generate 65536 Subnets.

    DNS SERVICE IS ALSO AVAILABLE IN IPV6 :


    In Ipv4 DNS Service Uses The A Records To Map IP Addresses To Names. In Ipv6 AAAA Records Are Used (Also Called Quad A). The Domain Ip6.Arpa Is Used For Reverse Name Resolution.

    – Ipv6 Addresses Can Connect Over Ipv4 Networks.

    The Design Of Ipv6 Allows Multiple Forms Of Transition, Enabling The Development Of Ipv6 Networks Even When The Route Must Pass Through Ipv4 Networks. These Transitional Forms Use Tunneling Over Ipv4 Networks. The Two Most Popular Technologies For This Are Teredo And 6to4.The Basic Idea Is That Ipv6 Packets Are Encapsulated Within Ipv4 Packets To Traverse These Networks.

    – Many Vendors Are Already Able To Use Ipv6.

    Microsoft Operating Systems From Windows Vista And Windows 7 Have Ipv6 Installed By Default Together With Ipv4 (Also Can Be Installed On Windows XP, But Is Not There By Default).

    Also, Unix And Linux Operating Systems Support Ipv6 For Years.

    Regarding Network Vendors, Cisco IOS Supports Ipv6 Many Years Ago, But It Is Not Enabled By Default And Needs To Be Explicitly Enabled With The Command “Ipv6 Unicast Routing

    – Windows Support For Ipv6 Has Some Peculiarities.

    When A Client Wants To Address A Specific Port, For Example, An IP Address And Port Number In Internet Explorer Is Separated By A Colon:

    Http://172.16.100.1:8543/

    In Ipv6, As The Colon Is Part Of The Description Of The IP Address, The IP And Port Separation Is Done Using Square Brackets:

    Http:// [FE80: CD00: 0: CDE: 1234:0:2567:9AB]: 8543

    This Format Is Not Supported On Windows Machines Because When You Use Colons This Is Interpreted As Referencing An Internal Drive In The Computer.

    To Solve This Problem, Microsoft Has Established A Special Domain For The Ipv6 Address Representation In Windows Machines. In This Way, If You Reference An Ipv6 Address Using Universal Naming Convention, The Digits Must Be Separated By Dashes Instead Of Colons And At The End Of The Address You Must Add The Domain Name “Ipv6-Literal.Net”.

    AN EXAMPLE, INSTEAD OF:

    Http:// [FE80: CD00: 0: CDE: 1234:0:2567:9AB]

    YOU SHOULD USE:

    Http://FE80-CD00-0-CDE-1234-0-2567-9AB.Ipv6-Literal.Net/

    CISCO IPV6 CONFIGURATION COMMANDS


    CISCO IPV6 CONFIGURATION COMMANDS:

    CISCO IPV6 CONFIGURATION COMMANDS:

    BASIC COMMANDS :


    To Enable Routing Of Ipv6 Packets – Required To Enable Ipv6 On A Router: Router(Config)# Ipv6 Unicast-Routing

    To Enable Ipv6 On An Interface:

    Router(Config-If)# Ipv6 Enable

    To Add An Ipv6 Address To An Interface:

    Ipv6 Address
    / [Link-Local] [Eui-64]

    To Leave The Interface Unnumbered:

    Ipv6 Unnumbered Eth 0/0

    Ipv6 Enabled Commands:

    Ping Ipv6
    Traceroute Ipv6
    Telnet
    Ssh [-L ] [-C ] [-O Numberofpasswdprompts <#>] [-P ] [Command]
    Show Ip Ssh
    Ip Http Server
    Dns Lookup
    Tftp

    NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY:

    TO ADJUST THE ROUTER ADVERTISEMENT INTERVALS:

    Ipv6 Nc Reachable-Time <#>
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Interval <#> Default Is 200 Seconds
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Lifetime <#> Default Is 1800 Seconds (30 Minutes)
    Ipv6 Nd Ns-Interval <#> Default Is 1000 Milliseconds
    Ipv6 Nd Suppress-Ra
    Ipv6 Nd Managed-Config-Flag
    Ipv6 Nd Other-Config-Flag

    TO ADJUST THE LIFETIMES FOR THE PREFIX:

    Ipv6 Nd Prefix-Advertisement / [Onlink] [Auto-Config]
    Ipv6 Nd Prefix-Advertisement Fec0::C0a8:20c0/123 0 0 Autoconfig

    Valid Lifetime = How Long The Node’s Address Remains In The Valid State – After That It Is Invalid

    Preferred Lifetime = How Long The Stateless Autoconfig Address Remains Preferred – Less Than Or Equal To The Valid Lifetime - If Preferred-Lifetime = 0 Then This Router Is Not Preferred

    Off-Link = Sets The L-Bit To Off – Default Setting Is To Have The L-Bit Set To On No-Autoconifg = Sets The A-Bit To Off – Default Setting Is To Have The A-Bit Set To On

    No-Advertise = The Specified Prefix Cannot Be Used For Stateless Autoconfiguration – The Prefix Is Not Included In Ra Messages – Default Is To Have This Flag Turned Off

    To Remove An Advertised Prefix:

    No Ipv6 Nd Prefix
    To Turn Off Router Advertisements:

    No Suppress-Ra
    DUPLICATE ADDRESS DETECTION (DAD):

    Ipv6 Nd Dad Attempts <#> Disabled With A Setting Of “0”

    Router Redirection:

    Ipv6 Redirects
    Ipv6 Icmp Error-Interval Msec

    OTHER COMMANDS:

    Ip Domain Lookup
    Ip Name-Server
    Ipv6 Host []
    Ipv6 Neighbor Ethernet 0

    BASIC SHOW COMMANDS:

    Show Ipv6 ?
    Show Ipv6 Interface [Prefix]
    Show Interface
    Show Ipv6 Neighbors [ | ]
    Show Ipv6 Mtu
    Show Ipv6 Protocols
    Show Ipv6 Interface [Brief]
    Show Ipv6 Traffic
    Show Ipv6 Route
    Show Ipv6 Routers
    Show Bgp
    Show Bgp Summary
    Show Bgp Ipv6 Unicast Neighbor Routes
    Show Bgp Ipv6 Unicast Neighbor Advertised

    BASIC DEBUG COMMANDS:

    Debug Ipv6 ?
    Debug Ipv6 Packet
    Debug Ipv6 Icmp
    Debug Ipv6 Nd

    Ping Ipv6
    Traceroute Ipv6

    Clear Ipv6 ?
    Clear Ipv6 Neighbors

    CISCO EXPRESS FORWARDING:

    Ipv6 Cef
    Ipv6 Cef Distributed

    Show Ipv6 Cef
    Show Cef

    Debug Ipv6 Cef [Drops | Events | Hash | Receive | Table]

    ROUTING COMMANDS:

    Ipv6 Route / [ | ] [Ad#]

    Show Ipv6 Route [Connected | Local | Static | Rip | Bgp | Isis | Ospf]
    Show Ipv6 Route /

    RIPng:

    To Enable Ripng:

    Router(Config)# Ipv6 Router Rip

    To Enable Ripng On An Interface:

    Router(Config-If)# Ipv6 Rip Enable

    To Originate The Default Router (::/0) Out An Interface:

    Router(Config-If)# Ipv6 Rip Default-Information Originate

    Router(Config-Rtr)# Distance <#>
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Distribute-List Prefix-List [In | Out]
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Metric-Offset <#>
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Poison-Reverse
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Split-Horizon
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Port Multicast-Group
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Timers
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Redistribute [ Connected | Isis | Ospf | Static | Bgp | Rip ] r/> [Metric ] [Level-1 | Level-1-2 | Level-2] [Route-Map ]

    Ripng SHOW COMMANDS:

    Show Ipv6 Route
    Show Ipv6 Rip [Database] [Next-Hops]
    Show Ipv6 Protocols

    RIPng DEBUG COMMANDS:

    Debug Ipv6 Rip
    Debug Ipv6 Routing

    Clear Ipv6 Rip

    OSPF COMMANDS :

    Router(Config)# Ipv6 Router Ospf
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Router-Id
    Router(Config-Rtr)# Area Range

    Router(Config)# Interface Ethernet 0
    Router(Config-If)# Ipv6 Ospf Area

    Router(Config-Rtr)# Redistribute [Bgp | Isis | Rip | Static]

    OSPF SHOW COMMANDS :

    Show Ipv6 Ospf
    Show Ipv6 Ospf Database
    Show Ipv6 Ospf Database Link
    Show Ipv6 Ospf Database Prefix
    Show Ipv6 Ospf Route Ospf

    OSPF DEBUG COMMANDS:

    Clear Ipv6 Ospf

    OSPF EXAMPLE:

    Interface Ethernet 0
    Ipv6 Address 2001:100:1::1/64
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Ospf 100 Area 0

    Interface Ethernet 1
    Ipv6 Address 2001:200:2::1/64
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Ospf 100 Area 1
    Ipv6 Router Ospf 100
    Router-Id 10.1.1.1
    Area 1 Range 2001:200:Ffff:1::1/64

    EIGRP COMMANDS:

    Interface Fastethernet 0/0
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Eigrp 10
    Ipv6 Bandwidth-Percent Eigrp
    Ipv6 Summary-Address Eigrp [Admin-Distance]
    Ipv6 Authentication Mode Eigrp MD5
    Ipv6 Authentication Key-Chain Eigrp

    !

    Ipv6 Router Eigrp 10
    Router-Id 10.1.1.1
    Stub [Receive-Only | Connected | Static | Summary | Redistributed]
    Log-Neighbor-Changes
    Log-Neighbor-Warnings [Seconds]
    Metric Weights Tos K1 K2 K3 K4 K5

    !

    Show Ipv6 Eigrp Interfaces
    Show Ipv6 Eigrp Neighbors Detail
    Show Ipv6 Eigrp Topology
    Show Ipv6 Eigrp Traffic

    Clear Ipv6 Eigrp [As-Number] [Neighbor [Ipv6-Address | Interface-Type Interface-Number]]

    Debug Eigrp Fsm
    Debug Eigrp Neighbor [Siatimer] [Static]
    Debug Eigrp Packet
    Debug Eigrp Transmit [Ack] [Build] [Detail] [Link] [Packetize] [Peerdown] [Sia] [Startup] [Strange]

    Debug Ipv6 Eigrp [As-Number] [Neighbor Ipv6-Address | Notification | Summary]

    BGP4+ COMMANDS:

    ENABLE BGP-4 ON THE ROUTER:

    Router Bgp
    Turns Off Bgp Ipv4 Peering
    No Bgp Default Ipv4 Unicast

    ESTABLISH A BGP4+ NEIGHBOR:

    Neighbor Remote-As
    Neighbor Update-Source
    Neighbor Soft-Reconfiguration Inbound
    Neighbor Password 5

    ADDRESS FAMILIES:

    Address-Family Ipv6 Unicast
    Neighbor Activate
    Exit-Address-Family

    TO ENABLE A PREFIX-LIST FOR A BGP-PEER:

    Neighbor Prefix-List [In | Out]
    Ipv6 Prefix-List [ Seq [#] ] [ Permit | Deny ] [ Ge ] [ Le ]

    ROUTE MAPS:

    Neighbor Route-Map [In|Out]
    Route-Map [ Permit | Deny ]
    Match Ipv6 [ | Next-Hop | Route-Source] Prefix-List
    Set Ipv6 Next-Hop
    Set Local-Pref 120

    REDISTRIBUTION:

    Redistribute [Bgp | Connected | Isis | Ospf | Rip | Static] [Metric ] [Route-Map ]

    BGP4+ SHOW COMMANDS:

    Show Ipv6 Route Bgp
    Show Ipv6 Neighbors
    Show Bgp Neighbors
    Show Bgp Ipv6 [Summary]
    Show Bgp Ipv6 [ | Community | Community-List | Dampened-Paths | Regexp | Summary ]

    Show Ipv6 Prefix-List [Summary | Detail]

    BGP4+ DEBUG COMMANDS:

    Debug Bgp Ipv6
    Clear Bgp Ipv6 [ * | Asn | | Dampening | External | Flap-Statistics | ]

    BGP4+ EXAMPLE:

    Interface Ethernet0
    Ipv6 Address 5f00:0100:0:0:1::1 80

    !

    Router Bgp 100
    No Bgp Default Ipv4-Unicast
    Neighbor 5f00:0100:0:0:2::1 Remote-As 101
    Aggregate-Address 2001:420:2000::/42 Summary-Only

    !

    Address-Family Ipv6
    Neighbor 5f00:0100:0:0:2::1 Activate
    Neighbor 5f00:0100:0:0:2::1 Prefix-List Bgp-In In
    Neighbor 5f00:0100:0:0:2::1 Prefix-List Aggregate Out
    Network 5f00:0100:0:0:1::/40
    Exit-Address-Family
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Aggregate Seq 5 Deny 3ffe:C00::/24 Ge 25
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Aggregate Seq 10 Permit ::/0 Le 48

    !

    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 5 Deny 5f00::/8 Le 128
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 10 Deny ::/0
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 15 Deny ::/1
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 20 Deny ::/2
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 25 Deny ::/3 Ge 4
    Ipv6 Prefix-List Bgp-In Seq 30 Permit ::/0 Le 128

    IPV6 ACCESS CONTROL LISTS:

    Ipv6 Access-List [Permit|Deny] | Any | Host … | Any | Host … [Log | Log-Input]

    Ipv6 Access-List Blah Deny Fec0:0:0:2::/64 * Any

    Ipv6 Access-List Blah Permit Any

    APPLY ACL TO AN INTERFACE:

    Router(Config-If)# Ipv6 Traffic-Filter [In | Out]
    FOR 6BONE – MINIMUM PREFIX TO ANNOUNCE:

    3ffe::/16
    3ffe:0800::/28
    2000::/3 - 6to4

    FOR 6BONE – PROHIBITS ADVERTISEMENTS OF THESE:

    Fe80::/10 - Link Local
    Fec0::/10 - Site Local
    ::1/128 - Loopback
    ::0/128 - Default Route
    Ff00::/8 - Multicast
    ::/96 - Ipv4 Compatible Addresses
    ::Ffff/96 - Ipv4 Mapped Addresses

    VIEW THE ACLS:

    Show Ipv6 Access-List
    Clear Ipv6 Access-List
    Debug Ipv6 Packet [Access-List ] [Detail]

    CONFIGURED TUNNEL ROUTER COMMANDS:

    Router 1:
    Interface Tunnel 0
    Ipv6 Address 3ffe:B00:C18:1::3/27
    Tunnel Source 192.168.1.1
    Tunnel Destination 192.168.2.1
    Tunnel Mode Ipv6ip [Auto-Tunnel]

    AUTO-TUNNEL IF USED FOR AUTOMATIC TUNNELS

    Router 2:

    Interface Tunnel 0
    Ipv6 Address 3ffe:B00:C18:1::2/27
    Tunnel Source 192.168.2.1
    Tunnel Destination 192.168.1.1
    Tunnel Mode Ipv6ip [Auto-Tunnel]

    6 To 4 TUNNEL ROUTER COMMANDS:

    Router 1:

    Interface Ethernet 0
    Ip Address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    Ipv6 Address 2002:C0a8:0101:1::/64 Eui-64
    Interface Tunnel 0

    No Ip Address
    Ipv6 Unnumbered Ethernet 0
    Tunnel Source Ethernet 0
    Tunnel Destination 192.168.2.1
    Tunnel Mode Ipv6ip 6to4

    Router 2:

    Interface Ethernet 0
    Ip Address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
    Ipv6 Address 2002:C0a8:0201:1::/64 Eui-64
    Interface Tunnel 0
    No Ip Address
    Ipv6 Unnumbered Ethernet 0
    Tunnel Source Ethernet 0
    Tunnel Destination 192.168.2.1
    Tunnel Mode Ipv6ip 6to4

    FOR A 6TO4 RELAY ADD THE FOLLOWING ROUTE:

    Ipv6 Route ::/0

    2nd Router Example:

    Hostname Kumar

    Ipv6 Unicast-Routing
    Interface Ethernet0
    Description Connected To A-Lan
    No Ip Address
    No Ip Directed-Broadcast
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Address Fec0::C0a8:20c1/123
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Interval 20
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Lifetime 180
    Ipv6 Rip Brest-Lab Enable
    Interface Serial1
    Description Connected To Chi Ser1
    Bandwidth 4000000
    No Ip Address
    No Ip Directed-Broadcast
    Encapsulation Ppp
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Address Fec0::C0a8:2025/126
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Interval 20
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Lifetime 180
    Ipv6 Nd Prefix-Advertisement Fec0::C0a8:20c0/123 0 0 Autoconfig
    No Suppress-Ra
    Ipv6 Rip Brest-Lab Enable
    Clockrate 4000000

    Hostname Prem
    Ipv6 Unicast-Routing
    Interface Ethernet0
    Description Connected To Core-Lan
    No Ip Address
    No Ip Directed-Broadcast
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Address Fec0::C0a8:10c2/123

    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Interval 20
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Lifetime 180
    Ipv6 Rip Brest-Lab Enable
    Interface Serial1
    Description Connected To Alpha Ser1
    Bandwidth 4000000
    No Ip Address

    No Ip Directed-Broadcast
    Encapsulation Ppp
    Ipv6 Enable
    Ipv6 Address Fec0::C0a8:2026/126
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Interval 20
    Ipv6 Nd Ra-Lifetime 180
    Ipv6 Nd Prefix-Advertisement Fec0::C0a8:10c0/123 0 0 Autoconfig

    No Suppress-Ra
    Ipv6 Rip Brest-Lab Enable

    LIST OF IPv6 RFC


    LIST OF RFC'S RELATED TO IPV6:


    • RFC1752 - THE RECOMMENDATION FOR THE IP NEXT GENERATION PROTOCOL
    • RFC2460 - INTERNET PROTOCOL, VERSION 6 (IPV6) SPECIFICATIONS (OBSOLETES RFC1883)

    TRANSITION:


    • RFC4213 - BASIC TRANSITION MECHANISMS FOR IPV6 HOSTS AND ROUTERS
    • RFC4942 - IPV6 TRANSITION/COEXISTENCE SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
    • RFC4038 - APPLICATION ASPECTS OF IPV6 TRANSITION
    • RFC4192 - PROCEDURES FOR RENUMBERING AN IPV6 NETWORK WITHOUT A FLAG DAY SEE THINGS

    TO THINK ABOUT WHEN RENUMBERING AN IPV6 NETWORK:


    • RFC4380 - TEREDO: TUNNELING IPV6 OVER UDP THROUGH NATS
    • RFC3056 - CONNECTION OF IPV6 DOMAINS VIA IPV4 CLOUDS (6TO4 TUNNEL)
    • RFC2743 - GENERIC PACKET TUNNELING IN IPV6 SPECIFICATION (SEE RFC1701 - GRE)

    ISP:


    • RFC4029 - SCENARIOS AND ANALYSIS FOR INTRODUCING IPV6 INTO ISP NETWORKS
    • RFC2185 - ROUTING ASPECTS OF IPV6 TRANSITION

    IPV6 ADDRESSING SPACE:


    • RFC4291 - IP VERSION 6 ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE (OBSOLETES RFC3513)
    • RFC3769 - REQUIREMENTS FOR IPV6 PREFIX DELEGATION
    • RFC1744 - OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERNET ADDRESS SPACE
    • RFC3587 - IPV6 GLOBAL UNICAST ADDRESS FORMAT
    • RFC4193 - UNIQUE LOCAL IPV6 UNICAST ADDRESSES
    • RFC3879 - DEPRECATING SITE LOCAL ADDRESSES
    • RFC4862 - IPV6 STATELESS ADDRESS AUTOCONFIGURATION
    • RFC3484 - DEFAULT ADDRESS SELECTION FOR INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 (IPV6)
    • RFC3633 - IPV6 PREFIX OPTIONS FOR DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP) VERSION 6
    • RFC4861 - NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY FOR IP VERSION 6 (IPV6)
    • RFC3971 - SECURE NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY (SEND)
    • RFC4941 - PRIVACY EXTENSIONS FOR STATELESS ADDRESS AUTOCONFIGURATION IN IPV6 (RFC3041)
    • RFC3972 - CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY GENERATED ADDRESSES (CGA)

    ALLOCATION:


    • RFC3177 - IAB/IESG RECOMMENDATIONS ON IPV6 ADDRESS ALLOCATIONS TO SITES
    • RFC1887 - AN ARCHITECTURE FOR IPV6 UNICAST ADDRESS ALLOCATION
    • RFC1881 - IPV6 ADDRESS ALLOCATION MANAGEMENT
    • RFC4548 - INTERNET CODE POINT (ICP) ASSIGNMENTS FOR NSAP ADDRESSES
    • RFC1981 - PATH MTU DISCOVERY FOR IP VERSION 6 • RFC4443 - INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMPV6) FOR THE INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 (IPV6) SPECIFICATION
    • RFC3596 - DNS? EXTENSIONS TO SUPPORT IP VERSION 6
    • RFC2464 - TRANSMISSION OF IPV6 PACKETS OVER ETHERNET NETWORKS
    • RFC2675 - IPV6 JUMBOGRAMS

    SECURITY:


    • RFC4864 - LOCAL NETWORK PROTECTION FOR IPV6
    • RFC4301 - SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR THE INTERNET PROTOCOL
    • RFC4302 - IP AUTHENTICATION HEADER
    • RFC4835 - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ENCAPSULATING

    SECURITY PAYLOAD (ESP) AND AUTHENTICATION HEADER (AH):


    • RFC1828 - IP AUTHENTICATION USING KEYED MD5
    • RFC1829 - ENCAPSULATION, ALGORITHME CBC DU DES (CYPHER BLOCK CHAINING)
    • RFC1851 - TRIPLE TRANSFORMATION PAR LE DES
    • RFC1852 - AUTHENTIFICATION IP PAR CLÉS SHA

    OTHER:


    • RFC3053 - IPV6 TUNNEL BROKER
    • RFC3986 - UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER (URI): GENERIC SYNTAX (SECTION 3.2.2 FOR IPV6)

    CONCLUSION:


    The Goal Of This Article Is To Give An Easy Way To Understand The IPv6 Article. Hope This Article Will Help Every Beginners Who Are Going To Start Cisco Lab Practice Without Any Doubts. Thank You And Best Of Luck.

    This Article Written Author By: Premakumar Thevathasan. CCNA, CCNP, CCIP, MCSE, MCSA, MCSA - MSG, CIW Security Analyst, CompTIA Certified A+.

    DISCLAIMER:


    This Document Carries No Explicit Or Implied Warranty. Nor Is There Any Guarantee That The Information Contained In This Document Is Accurate. Every Effort Has Been Made To Make All Articles As Complete And As Accurate As Possible.

    It Is Offered In The Hopes Of Helping Others, But You Use It At Your Own Risk. The Author Will Not Be Liable For Any Special, Incidental, Consequential Or Indirect Any Damages Due To Loss Of Data Or Any Other Reason That Occur As A Result Of Using This Document. But No Warranty Or Fitness Is Implied. The Information Provided Is On An "As Is" Basic. All Use Is Completely At Your Own Risk.




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